The Cessnock surrounds in New South Wales, specifically the Hunter Valley, is renowned for its thriving wine industry. With over 150 cellar doors, the Hunter Valley boasts a higher concentration of wineries than any other region in Australia. The valley's rich history of viticulture dates back to the early 19th century, initially focused on white wine grape varieties due to the region's suitability for them. Over the years, both local and international recognition has been garnered by the region's winemakers, particularly for producing excellent Semillon, Shiraz, and Chardonnay varieties.
The climate in the Hunter Valley is primarily influenced by its inland location, which results in less rainfall and maritime influence compared to the Lower Hunter. The Upper Hunter, in particular, receives approximately 620 mm (24 in) of rainfall annually, necessitating irrigation during the early growing season for many vineyards. The region's heat summation is also higher, with a total of 2170 units, contributing to the development of ripe and flavorful grapes.
In addition to the Hunter Valley, New South Wales is home to several other wine regions, each with its unique climate and varietals. For instance, the Hilltops region is known for producing cool-climate reds, while the Riverina region is the largest wine exporter in the state, where Yellowtail is based. The Perricoota region, the smallest in NSW, is situated along the Murray River and features a co-op of growers who collaborate to produce the Collexion wine.
The Upper Hunter region, which is part of the Hunter Valley, has experienced a decrease in vineyard area due to the departure of major wine producers like Rosemount and Viticulture. Nevertheless, several small wineries continue to operate in the region, offering a diverse range of viticultural practices. Mechanization is prevalent in the region, with machine harvesting being the norm, and experiments in mechanical pruning and canopy management also taking place. In terms of varietals, the Upper Hunter is particularly suited for white wine grape varieties, although red wine grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot are also grown. The region's sub-tropical and humid climate makes it ideal for the Chambourcin grape, known for its resistance to diseases and mildew.